The History of person Centred Counselling - 2289 Words

The History of Person Centred Counselling Person Centred Counselling was developed by Carl R. Rogers (1902-1987), a leading American psychologist who was along with Abraham Maslow a major theorist of Humanistic Therapy which developed in the 1950. It is sometimes called the third force distinct from psychoanalyzes and behaviourism. It proposed that therapy could be simpler, warmer and more optimistic and that the client himself has the solution to his difficulties and can access this deeper†¦show more content†¦As we grow and become aware of ourselves as being distinct from others, we start to look for approval and acceptance outside of ourselves. Our locus of evaluation shifts from being internal to becoming external. Children need positive regard from important others in their life in order to develop positive self regard. Our conceptual construction of ourselves and the world around us is made up of the experiences we have with important others, as well as the beliefs handed down through family and community. Often they impose on us conditions of worth, as for example parents who only acknowledge a child if he/she brings good grades from school. The child learns to connect its worth to successful test scores since this is what will gain the approval of parents. The more we have to strive to gain the approval of others the stronger these conditions of worth that have been imposed on us become and the more we become distrustful of our own organismic experiencing. Yet it is believed that this is counterproductive for the individual as Rogers believed that the organism will naturally move in the direction of growth and self actualization. He maintained that the greater the unconditional positive regard of parents and fewer conditions of worth a child grows up with the greater the psychological adjustment. â€Å"The human organism, it is argued , can essentially be relied upon to provide the individual with trustworthy messages, and this isShow MoreRelatedCounsellors are ‘Born’ not ‘Made’ Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay shall look back to the history of counselling, and the people who have developed the process into the valuable tool in the treatment of mental disorders today. A good starting point would be to explore the history of Counselling, and the methods used and results obtained. In an article published in PhychCentral called ‘History of Physiotherapy’ by Jim Haggerty, M.D. He describes that before the ancient Greeks mental illness was regarded as a person being possessed by evil spirits. HoweverRead MoreEssay about 11 Explain the historical development of873 Words   |  4 Pagesto be called psychoanalysis, which allowed individuals to tell their problems to a ‘psychoanalyst’ an individual trained in interpreting the ‘subconscious’. He played an important part in the history of counselling but the actual word â€Å"counselling† did not come into everyday language until 1960’s. Counselling really took off after the Second World War, in 1950’s America. Most of the therapies we hear about today can trace their origins back to a handful of psychologists and psychiatrists who developedRead MorePerson Centred Counselling3049 Words   |  13 PagesThe Use of Person Centred Counselling in Guidance and Counselling Practice in Schools I think that it is accurate to say that the first wave of guidance counsellors who received their counselling training in Ireland did so based largely on the theory and philosophy of counselling formulated by Carl Ransom Rogers (1902 - 1987), considered, by many, to be the most influential psychologist in American history. A leader in the humanistic psychology movement of the 1960s through the 1980s: moreRead Moreâ€Å"the Relationship Between Counsellor and Client Is the Most Influential Factor in Whether Counselling ‘Works’†. Critically Discuss This Statement from the Perspective of at Least Three Approaches to Counselling.2074 Words   |  9 Pagesimportant role in everyday life. You or I may define a relationship with a person in many different ways depending on the context with whom the relationship is with, whether this be peers, colleagues or loved ones. So is it possible to have a relationship with someone who you don’t know, someone such as a the rapist? It may be possible; however this is not the type of relationship that is being described within counselling therapy. The client-counsellor relationship is unlike these day to day relationshipsRead MoreEssay 1 Person Centred Therapy2836 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Introduction In this essay I will look at the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Firstly, I will outline what Person-Centred therapy is and look at what its originator, Carl Rogers’, theories behind this approach are. I will then discuss some of the criticisms that have been made about Person-Centred Therapy, and weigh themRead MorePsychological Approaches : Behaviorism, Cognitive And Humanistic Approach1659 Words   |  7 Pageshow valid the methodology is using case studies to back up these theories and how they contribute to each other to becoming an approach. The behaviourist psychologists emphasise the role of the environment and how this can affect the behaviour of a person. â€Å"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant chief and yesRead More The Appropriate Use of Counselling Skills and of Pastoral Care 1913 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Pastoral care as a source of counselling advice is one of the key areas of development for pastoral training. For many people who approach religious leaders for counselling support, this may be their first approach for assistance and it may be the only opportunity that any service provider has to intervene in order to provide them with assistance. This places a great responsibility on the pastor, who needs to be able to tackle the approach appropriately and constructively, andRead MoreDeveloping Style of Counselling2480 Words   |  10 PagesEssay – My Developing Style of Counselling Foreword. In this, I shall endeavour to detail my development in terms of counselling student. I intend to describe where I was, where I am now and where I aspire to be. Perhaps I should start with three questions: ‘Counselling’- why am I doing this? For whom am I doing this? How will I do this? Why: For the bulk of my 37-year career, my role has been involved with getting information, analysing and delivering the results. Teamwork, managementRead MoreCritique Person Centred Counselling3169 Words   |  13 Pagesto grow wings, very small wings, very feeble wings, but wings! Extract from Poem Please Hear What I am not Saying. Charles C. Finn This Critique of Person Centred Counselling offers an insight into The Person Centred Approach developed by Carl Rogers. I will firstly introduce Rogers and his influences. An exploration of Person Centred Counselling will follow examining Philosophical Principals, Key Concepts and the Core Conditions that must be present in the therapeutic relationship. SubsequentlyRead MoreHow Do Person-Centred Counsellors Use the Therapeutic Relationship to Facilitate Change- and in What Way (S) Does Person-Centred Therapy Differ from Other Helping Relationships?†2683 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"How do person-centred counsellors use the therapeutic relationship to facilitate change- and in what way (s) does person-centred therapy differ from other helping relationships?† word count: 2,495 Person centred counselling originated and was evolved on the ideas of American psychologist Carl Rogers. The influences on Carl Rogers and he’s conceptualisation of Person centred counselling are numerous, from his early family life living on a farm, his interest and involvement in theology and his

The Most Dangerous Job Essay - 700 Words

In The Most Dangerous Job excerpted from the book Fast Food Nation, by Eric Schlosser, it discusses the issues of the meat packing industry in the early 1900s in the genre of fiction. It describes the factory in a grotesque manner. The meat packing industry was known as having less strict regulations compared to now. The OSHA should have more firm regulations for the meat packing industry and local restaurants. The Most Dangerous Job has a contrast of pathos to ethos and logos, to persuade his audience with a more logical context. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair consistently uses pathos in the argument of their passage to give an exaggerated tone. Both articles use this method to draw in their viewers with adjectives relating to†¦show more content†¦The slaughterhouse is one of the nations largest. About five thousand head of cattle enter it every day, single file, and leave in a different form (Sinclair). In this sentence, it was using logos in the starting of the passage to inform his audience. Someone who has access to the plant, whos upset by its working conditions, offers to give me a tour (Sinclair). This sentence used logos to persuade his viewers that people from the factory were upset because of the working conditions, and decided to show him the poor quality they were operating in. The slaughterhouse is an immense building, gray and square, about three stories high, with no windows on the front and no architectural clues to whats happening inside (Sinclair). This sentence contained pathos to describe what the outside of the factory looked in an ominous setting. In The Jungle, its set during the early 1900s in fiction in 3rd person point of view, while the The Most Dangerous Job is set during present day in nonfiction in 1st person point of view. Both have similarities and a contrast between each other. The Jungle consists of mainly pathos and logos, while The Most Dangerous Job has primarily ethos, logos, and pathos together in a balanced tone. Both articles exaggerate about the meat packing industry to persuade viewers that the factories have corrupted their workers. Jesus says the stench in rendering is so powerfulShow MoreRelatedIf You Are Interested in Marine Biology773 Words   |  3 Pages Marine Biology If you are interested in adventuring the depths of the ocean, being a marine biologist is the job for you. As a marine biologist you will need to have several years of schooling in order to have a successful career. Being a marine biologist can be an enjoyable and dangerous job, but the journey is worth the ride. Several people ask what is a marine biologist? There are various answers to this question. The best answer shall be that a marine biologist is someone who works in someRead MoreImpact of Appearance: Synopsis of Three Essays882 Words   |  4 Pagesanyone can spot from miles away, we take notice. Appearances are often time superficial, and sometimes deceiving. The essays written by Judith Ortiz Cofer, Eric Schlosser and Nora Effron help identify some instances where appearances can be powerful honest and dishonest. Through these three essays the ideas and impact of appearances will be conveyed. In Judith Ortiz Cofers essay The Story of My Body, she shares her struggles with appearance and self esteem. Cofer mentions that her definitionsRead MoreCan One Be Poor And Free?1260 Words   |  6 Pageshinge on one’s definition of freedom. In this essay I will be using several arguments to prove that one can be poor and free, but that being poor makes you inherently less free. First I will discuss Van Parijs’ definitions of freedom, and Hayek’s disagreements. I will use Berlin’s ideas around freedom to show fundamental faults within Hayek’s arguments. I will then use Cohen’s work to prove that being poor severely restricts one’s freedom. This essay will demonstrate to the reader that although beingRead MoreThe Most Dangerous Game Essay738 Words   |  3 PagesRyan Long English 102-501 Monday Night Essay #2 23 September 2012 Essay #2 Question: Discuss the characterizations of Rainsford and General Zaroff in â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game.† Which one is more fully characterized? Are both characters plausible? The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell, the author portrays two distinctly alike men, who yet are very different. The two main characters, Sanger Rainsford and General Zaroff both have a strong passion for hunting. The first is Rainsford and heRead MoreThe Federalist Papers By Alexander Hamilton778 Words   |  4 PagesWritten by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, the Federalist Papers are a collection of essays that were created in order to defend the Constitution against claims that stated it threatened the freedom and liberty of individuals, and gave too much power to the national government. The 78th essay of the Federalist Papers was written by Alexander Hamilton in efforts to address one of these concerns, that anti-federalists feared the independence of the Judiciary. In this paper, HamiltonRead MoreDistracted Driving Annotated Bibliography1727 Words   |  7 Pagesis well known and used at a variety of high schools, this is a reliable source. The article is objective because it states both sides of this issue with distracted driving, whether it’s good to get tasks done during one’s driving time or if it’s dangerous. The purpose is just to inform its readers of the debate, and to show how some companies are attempting to fix the issue. This article would be useful because it does have statistics about state laws against texting while driving. AlthoughRead MoreJustify the need and role of discipline within the uniformed public service675 Words   |  3 PagesIn this essay, I will be looking at and justifying the role of discipline within the public services, as well as evaluating the impact of discipline. Discipline takes a massive role in the public services for many reasons. It is crucial for the servicemen to stick to the rules, which I will be demonstrating within my case study which looks at what happens when a Buckingham Palace Guard is seen pirouetting. Every serviceman within the uniformed public services knows how discipline is of the upmostRead MoreDefinition Argument Content And Ides988 Words   |  4 PagesSabrina Musick Sonya Berry Reviewer: 1. The essay meets certain requirements, per the rubric, yet it portrayed an emotional connection to the reader in order to lure the reader in more to continue reading. The essay was written in a format which enlighten the audience comparing the United States and China and how certain matters at hand are handled regarding organ distribution. The writer’s research was informative and detailed in a manner, which captivated the audience to continue reading for clarityRead MoreRacial Stereotypes : Racial Stereotype844 Words   |  4 Pagesfaced with different stereotypes that he experiences daily from different races. Throughout the essay Staples makes the argument that racial stereotype is wrong .Staples explains his thesis through narratives of incidents in his life. He gives details of numerous accounts of people mistaking him for a thief or mugger. Staples experienced his first stereotype when a terrified woman perceived him as dangerous. Initially, he was surprised, embarrassed and dismayed all at once because â€Å"he was too soft toRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1101 Words   |  5 Pagesthe issue should have been eradicated. Two essays that can be used as an example of proof that racial inequality still exists in our society are, Black Men in Public Spaces by Brent Staples and Who Shot Johnny? by Debra Dickerson. In these essays, both provide solid evidence to support their main goal with the use of different writing styles, tone, and rhetorical devices to display how African Americans are perceived and treated by society. Within essay one, Black Men in Public Spaces by Brent Staples

What are the effects of childrens various nagging strategies on their parents Free Essays

The trend for advertisers to target children rather than adults has several reasons behind it. The first reason is associated with the fact that during the 1980s working parents had less time to spend with their children and tried to substitute emotional connection with buying more things for their offsprings. It was the era when children emerged as an important category of consumers. We will write a custom essay sample on What are the effects of childrens various nagging strategies on their parents? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The second reason is advertisers’ attempt to develop brand loyalty among their future customers from the early age. Children have been reported to recognize brand logos before they are able to speak their name. Advertisers reckon that nostalgic memories from childhood will propel consumers to buy their brand as grownups. The third reason for the focus on children is associated with effectiveness of nagging strategies children use to make their parents buy products they want. There are seven nagging strategies children employ, as identified by James U. McNeal, the author of the book ‘Kids as Customers. ’ The first strategy is referred to as a pleading nag and implies repeating words like ‘please’ or ‘mom’ until the child gets what he or she wants. The second strategy, a persistent nag, is based on requesting the desired object over and over again. It may include phrases like ‘I’m gonna ask just one more time. ’ The third form of pressurizing parents into buying certain products is a forceful nag that may involve threats and other pushy statement. The child may threaten to ask Dad instead thus playing on the mother’s willingness to be the most loves out of two parents. The forth strategy is a demonstrative nag – the most dangerous scenario characterized by scandals in public places, crying, refusing to walk out of the shop, breath-holding, and similar tactics. The fifth strategy is labeled a sugar-coated nag and relies on promising love and recognition in return for the desired object and may involve such phrases as ‘You’re the best parent ever. ’ The sixth strategy, a threatening nag, implies some forms of blackmailing, running away or vows of eternal hatred. The last form of a nag called a pity nag includes the child telling his or her parents that he or she will be immensely sad or socially stunted if the desired object is not purchased. All these tactics can be used in combination and can have a varying effect on parents. Quite often, these nagging strategies prove to be as effective as advertisers think them to be. There are several reasons for that. First of all, many parents are very busy nowadays, and it is easier for them to purchase a certain thing than to spend half an hour on persuading their child that the purchase would be unnecessary or undesirable. The second reason is that unfortunately, many parents do not connect well to their children and fail to establish a relationship of trust with them that is needed for reaching compromises or explaining which purchases are necessary and which are not. Young parents or single parents may simply lack communication and explanatory skills to avoid giving in to nagging. The third reason is that some parents believe that consumption is happiness and socialize their children into consumerism from the early age. Well-to-do and permissive parents are likely to supply their children with excessive amounts of unnecessary things. The fourth reason why parent give in to nagging is the society’s view that children should always get what they want. Increased attention to children’s right and eliminating child abuse make the society disapprove of parents that do not fulfill every wish of their children. Trying to avoid being labeled as a ‘bad parent,’ mothers and fathers prefer to buy the desired object not to be criticized by passersby or community members. The effectiveness of nagging strategies provides a rationale for continuing focus on children. This may have undesirable consequences, since advertisers often do not follow ethical standards in their attempt to maximize profits. People often say that advertising is intrusive, deceptive and manipulative. Therefore, it is ethically wrong to target children as prime consumers of advertising content. Unlike adults, children are incapable of distinguishing between advertising content and other television production. Furthermore, children may fall prey of commercials for alcohol and cigarettes. Marketing research into the likes and dislikes of children may interrupt their leisure activities and socializing. While buying decisions rests with adults, children are getting more and more power in shaping their parents’ consumption patterns though nagging. A conclusion can be made that parents should learn how to deal efficiently with their children’s nagging strategies and make more independent buying decisions. Advertising aimed at children should be limited and controlled by public authorities. While consumerism remains a questionable virtue, it may be wrong to socialize children into consumerist values before they are able to make informed decisions of their own. How to cite What are the effects of childrens various nagging strategies on their parents?, Papers

Analysis of the Consumer Behaviour

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of the Consumer Behaviour. Answer: Introduction Each and every business organization wants to promote their services and products by understanding the perception of the consumers. Management of any organization must have to judge the needs of the customers so that appropriate planning can be done. In this paper some holiday destinations have been highlighted (Craig-Lees, Joy and Browne, 1995). By analyzing the feedbacks of three respondents it could be observed how different elements of a place can influence the decision making process of consumers. Some factors have been highlighted in this paper like cost, accommodation facilities, activities and transportation etc. Through this paper it could be observed how these things matter for a consumer to choose a place for holiday. Analysis of personality theory to judge the behaviour of respondents Respondent 1, 2 and 3 have been selected for the analysis purpose. Personality theories have been considered in this case so that characteristics of the respondents can be understood. These theories have been related to the personal behaviour of respondents and its impact on their perception has been showcased. Differences in the ranking evaluation Each and every respondent has shared views over the choices of destination. They have stated their views by giving particular rank to different segment of a destination. According to the personality theory every single individual possess a significant personality or characteristics. People take their decisions on the basis of their personal behaviour. This is the reason behind the changes in human perception (Cant, Brink and Brijball, 2006). Personality theory also illustrates that different individual bear different trait. The question is why they rank differently in the segments. Answer of this question is crystal clear, they posses different personality and they rank the segments by relating with their character and ideologies. In this case three respondents have ranked differently and through this way it could be said that they bear different personality. Different choices in the case of choosing holiday destinations As discussed earlier people take decisions on the basis of their personality, same things happened at the time of choosing holiday destination. Personality theory is comprised of three important personality factors like superego, ego and identity. It has been categorized by tripartite theory. People take decision by identifying and observing their own needs and requirements. Respondent 1, 2 and 3 have been taken in this analysis purpose. After having the analysis and survey report it could be said that three people have different opinion over the choice of destination (Ehrenberg and Pyatt, 1971). Each of the individual chooses the place which suits their personality and nature. Respondent 2 is a 43 year old female who love to spend time with her husband and as she wants to do innovative things, enjoying wine with her husband would be great. Respondent 3 is a 51 year old male Chinese candidate who showed interest to visit Hong Kong with his wife and kids. As he is Chinese and aged, ha ving food safari in Hong Kong can give the family enjoyment. Respondent 1 is 19 year old energetic and extrovert bachelor who wants to visit Las Vegas by observing multiple activities like casinos etc. Through this way changes of decision with personality can be identified. Analysis of demographic variables to judge the behaviour of people Demographic variable is consisted of multiple elements like age, gender and income level etc. It can be said after having the analysis report that people take decision by focusing on their age, income level and family condition etc. Three respondents also choose favourable destinations on the basis of demographic theories. Analyses of their choices have been discussed below in a detailed manner. Differences in ranking evaluation Ranking decisions are highly influenced by the demographic factors of the respondents. People usually take decisions on the basis of their demographic factors. For example respondent 1 ranked Las Vegas number 1 destination as the person found multiple activities in this zone. At the time of taking decisions respondents always look for cost and duration. For this reason respondents gave poor rank to option 5 and options 6 due to the less duration. On the other hand 51 year old male gave 1 to option 4 as he found multiple activities and duration is also good(Evans, Moutinho and Raaij, 1996). The person wants to spend time with his wife and kids, for this reason he is looking for some activities. He ranked poor for option 6 as there are no as such activities present. Respondent 2 is a married woman who wants to visit to Barossa Valley with her husband for having a good time. Respondent 2 marked accommodation of option 3 is poor as she doesnt like the cabin facilities. Being a management consultant respondent always desires for a better transportation facilities and for this reason except Spain she marked all the destination poor on the basis of transportation, still respondent 2 believe Barossa Valley is a good place to spend happy time with husband. Differences in the destination choice Destination choice is also influenced by the demographic variables. It has been observed through analysis that people choose the places of preferences on the basis of age, gender and other different demographic factors. Respondent 3 belongs from Chinese origin and this is the reason behind the selection of Hong Kong. Age factor also playing an important role in this case, a 51 year old male always want to give enjoyment to his family and this is the same thing respondent 3 is doing (Lageat, Czellar and Laurent, 2003). Costing of Hong Kong is also suitable for respondent 3s income level. Respondent 1 is energetic by his age nature and for this reason he choose Las Vegas where he can get different types of activities. A University student can afford the costing of the Las Vegas. Respondent 2 is 43 year old female and her costing is matched with option 6. For this reason she chooses the place. Recommendation In the overall paper feedbacks of three people on different places or destinations have been shown. By the help of this analysis it could be observed how demographic factors and personality theories impacts on the perceptions of the human being. Three different people of different personality and demographic background have been chosen for the analysis purpose. For analyzing and recommending the concept Las Vegas has been chosen. Characteristics aspects of likeliest consumers After having the overall analysis it could be said that Las Vegas is in huge demand among the customers due to its extra ordinary activities and fruitful ambiences. People can get multiple enjoyment tools by which they can refresh themselves. Six options were there and after having the survey result it has been observed that most of the respondents have preferred the accommodation facilities of Las Vegas. People also shared their interest over the Las Vegas activities. Cost of the place is also moderate and people showed that it is not too hard to expense money for this place (Purohit, 2007). Strategies for attracting consumers There are multiple theories present by which consumer behaviour could be judged. It is the sheer duty of any management to judge the perception of the consumers. In this paper three respondents and six destinations have been chosen for judging the perceptional views. For analyzing the overall matter, Learning and Memory theory has been considered. Learning theory is comprised of four elements like behaviorism, cognitive, social and Humanistic. After having the analysis it could be said that destination attraction of customers is highly depended on this segment. Psychological behaviour and observable behaviour of a human being could be judged through this process. If management wants to promote any destination then these things can play an essential role to observe the perception. In the above section of the paper it has been found that respondents choose destinations on the basis of their personality or character. Through this personality changes can be judged through memory theory. Memory theory mainly showcases the personality identification. Conclusion By the help of overall paper marketing consumer behaviour can be understood. By the help of this paper it could be said that perceptions of the consumers can be easily manipulated by offering different services and facilities. In this overall paper six destinations have been highlighted and three respondents also have been focused (Robertson, 1970). Perceptions of these three people have been judged through different analysis. After having the overall analysis it has been observed that perception of people over destination could be judged on the basis of cost, accommodation and transportation etc. Through this process consumer behaviour and its importance in the case of marketing also could be observed. References Cant, M., Brink, A. and Brijball, S. (2006).Consumer behaviour. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta. Craig-Lees, M., Joy, S. and Browne, B. (1995).Consumer behaviour. Brisbane: Wiley. Ehrenberg, A. and Pyatt, F. (1971).Consumer Behaviour. [Place of publication not identified]: Penguin. Evans, M., Moutinho, L. and Raaij, W. (1996).Applied consumer behaviour. Harlow, England: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. Fraj, E. and Martinez, E. (2006). Influence of personality on ecological consumer behaviour.Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 5(3), pp.167-181. Lageat, T., Czellar, S. and Laurent, G. (2003).Engineering hedonic attributes to generate perceptions of luxury. Jouy-en-Josas: Groupe HEC. Lazell, J. (2016). Consumer food waste behaviour in universities: Sharing as a means of prevention.Journal of Consumer Behaviour. Marsden, D. (2001). Deconstructing consumer behaviour: theory and practice.Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 1(1), pp.9-21. Purohit, H. (2007).Consumer behaviour. New Delhi: Shree Publishers Distributors. Robertson, T. (1970).Consumer behaviour. Glenview: Scott, Foresman. Rowlands, I., Parker, P. and Scott, D. (2004). Consumer behaviour in restructured electricity markets.Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 3(3), pp.272-283. Solomon, M. (2007).Consumer behavior. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.